PFAS is the anacronym for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a group of manufactured organic chemicals. Here, the term “organic” means they contain the element carbon. It does NOT mean they are natural or are grown safely. In fact, the known human health risks from PFAS include increased incidence of cancer, liver and kidney disease, reproductive issues, immunodeficiencies, and hormonal disruptions. They have also been named “Forever Chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment.
These organic chemicals have been used in non-stick pans, water and stain resistant fabrics, and food packaging since the 1950’s and more recently in fire-fighting foam. There are thousands of possible PFAS with approximately 50 that are most prevalent. The two most common PFAS are, PFOA (Perfluorooctanic acid) and PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonate). These 2 chemicals are no longer made in the US, yet people are still exposed to them. The national study, “Invisible, Unbreakable, Unnatural PFAS Contamination of U.S. Surface Waters” determined at least one PFAS chemical was detected in 83% of the 114 waterways sampled.
PFOA and PFOS are in the Chadakoin River. No federal limits exist for PFAS releases into surface waters under the current Clean Water Act. The EPA is expected to set drinking water standards on two of the PFAS in 2023. Interim Health Advisory levels are set at 0.004 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and 0.02 ppt for PFOS. These levels are incredibly low, virtually zero. For comparison, the Chadakoin River results are 1.7 ppt PFOA and 1.8 ppt PFOS.
The Consortium will continue sampling the region’s water and inform the public. The next steps to be taken are yet unfolding.